Why PLC is needed?.....PLC: Power Line Communication

To get to any given destination there can be several different paths like wired, wireless, etc. and each of these paths has different characteristics, challenges, benefits and disadvantages.

As the above available paths are conjustated, I tried to find an optional path for communication i.e. use of powerline as it is only used to send 230V, 50Hz supply. With keeping this in mind a new technique of communication was produced with the help of existing module i.e. X-10 module. Low cost PLC technology provides very reliable and robust communication over the existing electrical wiring infrastructure. Such reliable power line communications is the key enabler for a wide variety of "No New Wires" for indoor and outdoor applications.

This communication utilizes the existing electrical wiring to send commands/voice signals to products/receiver that are designed to respond to these commands/signals. Typical frequency ranges used in power line communication are from 30 KHz to 200 KHz. In order to isolate the mains from the input, capacitors of high tension are used, keeping in mind the formula for reactance of capacitor (X_C = 1/2TIfC). As frequency of AC signal is low, reactance offered by capacitor high & it will block AC from entering the circuit. On the other end as the input signal we want to send is of high frequency capacitor will allow through AC mains & transmission will take place effectively. Similar connection is used at the output for effective reception. Filtering capacitors & resistors are used to filter noise from the circuit due AC mains. The input signal is modulated by the X-10 module which internally consists of a modulator. The modulated signal consists of information with carrier signal which is demodulated at the receiver end using X-10 R_X which consists of demodulator. This is how information is being transmitted through AC mains.

This form of communication has various applications in today’s world. Such as home automation, easy accessibility, audio communication, internet access using broadband over powerline (BPL) which is also called as powerline internet, as a intercom in the building or in the office or any bank, many loads can be simultaneously controlled using multiple relays for each load with the help of powerline transmission.

 As a coin has heads & tails both, it also has merits & demerits both. Merits are no need of new connection for any type of communication as existing powerline is being made into use. Cost of wires saves, which finally reduces the load of communication. Demerit is that if power cuts off, communication fails, which can be overcome by using invertors & generators.

Finally it can be said that powerline communication is the key enabler for wide variety of “No New Wires” for indoor & outdoor applications. Since PLC uses existing electrical wiring it is ideal in retrofitting an existing house/office into becoming a smart house, e house or office.

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